A common example of stop-motion animation is the claymation technique common in children’s shows.įrame-by-frame animation involves drawing each frame of an animation separately, but as a series rather than individually. This approach can be used in both live-action and computer-generated animations, and it’s often used in television shows and video games. Stop-motion animation involves physically manipulating objects in front of a camera to create the illusion of movement. Each animated movement within that scene, made up of those multiple frames, then undergoes the process of “tweening.” This means generating the intermediate frames between two images to give an even transition, and ultimately, smooth animated movement. These final frames are then transferred onto the background of each scene. This is cleaned up further by adding a new drawing layer to color the final frame. When this rough animation is ready, solid, clean lines are drawn over the pencil sketch. ![]() The pencil drawings are then cleaned up, and, when not using animation software, photographed on an animation camera to check the movements and background transitions. When creating an actual scene of an animated film or cartoon, animators combine the character model sheets, storyboard, layout, and backgrounds from the preproduction phase and ‘act’ out the scene before animating to ensure all the elements work together in harmony. However, animation is now generally done at 12 fps, or one drawing every two frames, to save on production time and costs. Also known as 24 fps (frames per second), this means that 24 unique drawings are required per second of animation time. One second of animation is traditionally produced from 24 frames. Slight differentiations are drawn on each frame, and this causes the illusion of movement, just like a flipbook or stop-motion animation. The animation of 2D characters or objects occurs when multiple frames – singular, static images – are shown in quick succession. ![]() It is during the production phase, however, that the animation takes place. Pre-production for 2D animation includes character design, sketching background designs, and storyboarding – a comic strip-like graphic visualization of the actions and events across an entire animation. The process of 2D animation involves three parts: preproduction, production, and post-production.
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